The pilot chooses checkpoints that are easily seen from the air and also identified on the map, and then calculates the time it will take to fly from one point to the next based on distance, airspeed, and wind calculations. Therefore, the idea of dead reckoning was introduced.ĭead reckoning involves the use of visual checkpoints along with time and distance calculations. The trouble with pilotage is that often times, references aren't easily seen and can't be easily identified in low visibility conditions or if the pilot gets off track even slightly. The pilot identifies landmarks, such as rivers, towns, airports, and buildings and navigates among them. Pilotage is a term that refers to the sole use of visual ground references.
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